Critical Minerals
Explore 76 materials across six official lists. Search by material, application or product, and compare individual entries with grouped classifications.
Understanding criticality
76 profiles covering the combined entries of six official critical-material lists, with individual rare-earth and platinum-group elements. This is a cross-jurisdiction learning catalogue, not a claim that every profile is critical everywhere.
Government lists mix elements, minerals, groups and specific products. We keep these distinctions visible: for example, iron and high-purity iron ore have separate profiles. Boron and borates share a profile. Group coverage is labelled separately from individually named entries.
Coverage, dates and source lists
These are the named editions, not a live legal eligibility service. Australia’s strategic-only aluminium, copper, phosphorus, tin and zinc entries are not marked Australian critical. India’s 30-material assessment is distinct from its statutory auction schedule. The EU assessment includes copper and nickel through their strategic status.
UK coverage follows Table 1 of the BGS report, including sodium compounds and excluding palladium. Rare-earth group badges describe group coverage; they do not mean every element is individually named or every product grade is eligible. Promethium is included because Australia explicitly names it in the group definition. Osmium is outside the EU five-metal PGM group.
Explore the material library
76 profiles
MaterialAlAluminiumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
Applications
Transport, construction, packaging and electrical conductors.
Traded forms
Primary metal, billets, sheet and alloys.
What to understand
Bauxite, alumina and aluminium metal are different supply-chain stages.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
MaterialSbAntimonyTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Flame-retardant systems, lead alloys and semiconductors.
Traded forms
Metal, trioxide and concentrates.
What to understand
Specify the chemical form; oxide and metal prices are not interchangeable.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialAsArsenicTechnology materials
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024
Applications
Compound semiconductors and specialist alloys.
Traded forms
High-purity metal and compounds.
What to understand
Semiconductor demand concerns highly refined products, not an undifferentiated ore.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024
MaterialBaSO₄BariteIndustrial minerals
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Weighting agent in drilling fluids; chemical feedstock.
Traded forms
Ground drilling-grade barite and concentrates.
What to understand
Density, particle size and impurities determine suitability. Also called baryte.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialAl oreBauxiteIndustrial minerals
EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Principal ore feedstock for alumina and aluminium; some refractory uses.
Traded forms
Bauxite ore and calcined products.
What to understand
Available alumina and reactive silica are important processing considerations.
List evidence: EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialBeBerylliumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Aerospace components, copper alloys and X-ray windows.
Traded forms
Metal, copper-beryllium master alloys and oxide.
What to understand
Product form and occupational controls are central to handling and qualification.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialBiBismuthTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Pharmaceutical compounds, low-melting alloys and replacement of lead in some applications.
Traded forms
Metal and chemical compounds.
What to understand
Pharmaceutical and metallurgical grades have different specifications.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialBBoron / boratesIndustrial minerals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Glass, ceramics, detergents and boron-containing magnets.
Traded forms
Borate minerals, boric acid, oxides and specialist boron products.
What to understand
Elemental boron is not the same traded product as a borate mineral.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialCdCadmiumTechnology materials
India · 2023
Applications
Nickel-cadmium batteries and cadmium-telluride solar cells.
Traded forms
Metal and refined compounds.
What to understand
Often recovered through zinc processing; end-use restrictions and product controls matter.
List evidence: India · 2023
MaterialCsCaesiumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Drilling fluids, atomic clocks and research.
Traded forms
Caesium formate, salts and small quantities of metal.
What to understand
The formate-fluid market differs from ultra-pure scientific products. US spelling: cesium.
List evidence: US · 2025 · Canada · 2024
MaterialCeCeriumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Glass polishing, catalysts and glass additives.
Traded forms
Oxide, compounds and metal.
What to understand
Particle size and chemical purity affect polishing performance.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialCrChromiumMetals
US · 2025 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Stainless steel, corrosion-resistant alloys and refractory materials.
Traded forms
Chromite, ferrochrome and chromium metal.
What to understand
Ore chemistry and alloy grade determine the appropriate customer and price basis.
List evidence: US · 2025 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
MaterialCoCobaltMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Some battery cathodes, superalloys, hardmetals and catalysts.
Traded forms
Hydroxide intermediates, sulphate and refined metal.
What to understand
LFP batteries do not require cobalt; metal prices are not hydroxide settlement prices.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialCuCopperMetals
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Electrical wiring, motors, grids, electronics and plumbing.
Traded forms
Concentrates, cathodes, wire rod and scrap.
What to understand
Concentrate settlement includes payable metal and processing terms; it is not a cathode quotation.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialDyDysprosiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
High-temperature performance of some permanent magnets.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and alloys.
What to understand
Magnet formulations vary; not every permanent magnet uses dysprosium.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialErErbiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Fibre-optic amplification, lasers and coloured glass.
Traded forms
Oxide and specialised compounds.
What to understand
Telecommunications uses require a qualified optical material, not bulk oxide alone.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialEuEuropiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Phosphors and optical or security applications.
Traded forms
Oxide and specialised compounds.
What to understand
Optical performance depends on the compound and host material, not simply europium percentage.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialFspFeldsparIndustrial minerals
EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Ceramics and glass manufacture.
Traded forms
Sodium, potassium or mixed feldspar products.
What to understand
Alkali content, iron impurities and firing behaviour affect customer acceptance.
List evidence: EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialFFluorineTechnology materials
Australia · 2024
Applications
Fluorochemicals, polymers and specialist chemical processing.
Traded forms
Fluorine-containing compounds and specialist elemental gas.
What to understand
Australia names fluorine; fluorspar is the main mineral feedstock. Elemental gas is a distinct hazardous product.
List evidence: Australia · 2024
MaterialCaF₂FluorsparIndustrial minerals
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
Applications
Feedstock for fluorochemicals and flux in metallurgical processes.
Traded forms
Acid-grade and metallurgical-grade fluorite concentrates.
What to understand
Specify calcium fluoride, moisture and impurities; fluorite is the mineral name.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
MaterialGdGadoliniumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Specialist alloys, neutron absorption and compounds used in MRI contrast agents.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and refined compounds.
What to understand
Medical contrast products are formulated and regulated compounds, not raw gadolinium metal.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialGaGalliumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Compound semiconductors, LEDs and power electronics.
Traded forms
Refined metal and semiconductor compounds.
What to understand
Usually recovered as a by-product; electronic-grade qualification is a separate stage.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialGeGermaniumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Infrared optics, fibre optics and specialised solar cells.
Traded forms
Metal, dioxide and refined optical products.
What to understand
By-product recovery and purification capacity affect availability independently of ore resources.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialCGraphiteIndustrial minerals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Battery anodes, refractories, foundries and lubricants.
Traded forms
Natural flake or amorphous graphite; purified and shaped products.
What to understand
These lists principally concern natural graphite. Synthetic graphite and qualified anode material are distinct products.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialHfHafniumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Nuclear control materials, superalloys and semiconductor films.
Traded forms
Metal, sponge and refined compounds.
What to understand
Usually separated from zirconium; control the zirconium content for the intended application.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialHeHeliumIndustrial minerals
UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
Applications
Cryogenic cooling, semiconductor production and leak detection.
Traded forms
Compressed gas and liquid helium.
What to understand
Purity, liquefaction, specialist containers and losses influence delivered cost.
List evidence: UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024
MaterialAl₂O₃High-purity aluminaTechnology materials
Australia · 2024
Applications
Sapphire, LEDs and specialist ceramic or battery applications.
Traded forms
High-purity aluminium oxide powders and products.
What to understand
Australia lists high-purity alumina specifically; ordinary smelter-grade alumina is different.
List evidence: Australia · 2024
MaterialFe oreHigh-purity iron oreMetals
Canada · 2024
Applications
Feedstock for demanding ironmaking routes including direct reduction.
Traded forms
High-grade concentrates and pellets.
What to understand
Canada’s entry is narrower than iron generally; gangue and physical properties affect suitability.
List evidence: Canada · 2024
MaterialHoHolmiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Specialist lasers and magnetic applications.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and compounds.
What to understand
Small-volume optical grades depend on precise impurity control.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialInIndiumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Transparent conductive coatings, solders and semiconductors.
Traded forms
Metal, indium tin oxide and compounds.
What to understand
Often recovered from zinc processing; high-purity coating products need separate qualification.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialIrIridiumPlatinum group
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Electrodes, crucibles, catalysts and some electrolysers.
Traded forms
Metal, powders and compounds.
What to understand
Small market size and catalyst qualification can constrain substitution.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialFeIronMetals
UK · 2024
Applications
Steel for buildings, transport, machinery and infrastructure.
Traded forms
Iron ore, concentrates, pellets and iron products.
What to understand
The broad UK entry differs from Canada’s specific high-purity iron-ore entry.
List evidence: UK · 2024
MaterialLaLanthanumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Catalysts, optical glass and nickel-metal-hydride batteries.
Traded forms
Separated oxide, metal and alloys.
What to understand
A mixed rare-earth concentrate is not a substitute for separated lanthanum oxide.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialPbLeadMetals
US · 2025
Applications
Lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding and specialist construction products.
Traded forms
Refined metal, alloys and recycled feedstocks.
What to understand
Battery recycling is an important supply route; confirm impurities and the form being priced.
List evidence: US · 2025
MaterialLiLithiumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Rechargeable batteries, glass, ceramics and lubricants.
Traded forms
Spodumene concentrates, carbonate and hydroxide.
What to understand
Battery-grade chemical qualification is not established by concentrate grade alone.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialLuLutetiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Detector crystals, research and specialist medical isotopes.
Traded forms
Oxide, compounds and isotope-specific products.
What to understand
Medical isotope products are a separate regulated chain from ordinary lutetium oxide.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialMgCO₃MagnesiteIndustrial minerals
UK · 2024
Applications
Feedstock for magnesia, especially refractory products.
Traded forms
Raw magnesite, calcined or dead-burned magnesia.
What to understand
Magnesite, magnesium oxide and magnesium metal are different commodities.
List evidence: UK · 2024
MaterialMgMagnesiumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Lightweight alloys, aluminium alloying and metallurgical processing.
Traded forms
Metal, alloy ingots and powders.
What to understand
Metal is distinct from magnesite and magnesia; powder and ingot handling requirements differ.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
MaterialMnManganeseMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Steelmaking and some battery cathodes.
Traded forms
Ore, ferroalloys, metal and high-purity sulphate.
What to understand
Battery-grade sulphate cannot be inferred from an ordinary metallurgical ore specification.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
MaterialCoalMetallurgical coalEnergy materials
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Coke and other carbon inputs in conventional iron and steel production.
Traded forms
Coking coal and other steelmaking coal grades.
What to understand
EU coverage is coking coal. Thermal-coal energy specifications alone do not establish coking performance.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialMoMolybdenumMetals
Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
High-performance steels, catalysts and high-temperature components.
Traded forms
Concentrates, oxide, ferromolybdenum and metal.
What to understand
Compare contained molybdenum and processing stage, not gross product weight alone.
List evidence: Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialNdNeodymiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Strong permanent magnets used in motors, generators and electronics.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal, NdPr mixtures and magnet alloys.
What to understand
Oxide supply does not itself establish alloy or finished-magnet manufacturing capacity.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialNiNickelMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Stainless steel, superalloys and some rechargeable batteries.
Traded forms
Ferronickel, matte, intermediates, refined metal and sulphate.
What to understand
Different nickel products follow different processing routes and customer specifications.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialNbNiobiumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
High-strength steel, superalloys and superconducting materials.
Traded forms
Ferroniobium, oxides and high-purity metal.
What to understand
Steelmaking alloy and superconducting-grade products are separate markets.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialOsOsmiumPlatinum group
Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Specialist alloys and scientific or chemical applications.
Traded forms
Small quantities of metal and specialist compounds.
What to understand
Australia explicitly includes osmium in its PGE group. EU coverage lists the other five PGMs; osmium compounds can require specialist controls.
List evidence: Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialPdPalladiumPlatinum group
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Vehicle catalysts, electronics and chemical catalysts.
Traded forms
Refined metal, sponge, salts and catalyst products.
What to understand
It is absent from the UK 2024 critical table but appears on other lists.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialPO₄Phosphate rockFertilisers and chemicals
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
Applications
Feedstock for phosphate fertilisers and phosphoric acid.
Traded forms
Rock and beneficiated concentrates.
What to understand
Specify phosphate content, contaminants and acid-process suitability; US list calls this phosphate.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment
MaterialPPhosphorusFertilisers and chemicals
UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Fertilisers, phosphates and industrial chemicals.
Traded forms
Elemental phosphorus, acids and phosphate chemicals.
What to understand
National entries may encompass different products; do not confuse elemental phosphorus with phosphate rock.
List evidence: UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialPtPlatinumPlatinum group
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Catalysts, jewellery, electronics and some hydrogen technologies.
Traded forms
Refined metal, sponge, salts and catalysts.
What to understand
Recycled catalyst recovery is distinct from primary mine production.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialK saltsPotashFertilisers and chemicals
US · 2025 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Potassium fertilisers and chemical manufacture.
Traded forms
Potassium chloride and potassium sulphate products.
What to understand
Nutrient basis, chloride tolerance and granular specification change the comparison.
List evidence: US · 2025 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialPrPraseodymiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Permanent magnets, alloys and glass or ceramic colourants.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and mixed neodymium-praseodymium products.
What to understand
Separate Pr pricing from combined NdPr quotations.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialPmPromethiumRare earths
Australia · 2024 (group)
Applications
Research and specialist radioisotope applications.
Traded forms
Specialist radioactive materials, not a normal bulk mineral product.
What to understand
Australia explicitly includes it in its rare-earth definition. It has no stable isotopes and is not conventionally mined commercially.
List evidence: Australia · 2024 group
MaterialReRheniumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
High-temperature superalloys and catalysts.
Traded forms
Ammonium perrhenate, metal powder and pellets.
What to understand
Typically recovered as a by-product; purity and conversion stage affect value.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialRhRhodiumPlatinum group
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Vehicle emission-control catalysts and specialist alloys.
Traded forms
Refined metal, sponge and compounds.
What to understand
A small co-product market; form, assay and fabrication premiums matter.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialRbRubidiumTechnology materials
US · 2025
Applications
Research, frequency standards and specialist electronics.
Traded forms
High-purity salts and small quantities of metal.
What to understand
A small specialist market; a published commodity index may not represent a firm offer.
List evidence: US · 2025
MaterialRuRutheniumPlatinum group
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Electronics, catalysts and alloying applications.
Traded forms
Metal powders and refined compounds.
What to understand
A platinum-group co-product with application-specific purity requirements.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialSmSamariumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Samarium-cobalt magnets and specialist nuclear applications.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and magnet alloys.
What to understand
Samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron magnets have different performance characteristics.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialScScandiumRare earths
US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Aluminium alloys and solid oxide fuel-cell materials.
Traded forms
Oxide, salts and aluminium-scandium master alloys.
What to understand
Usually listed separately from grouped rare earths; alloy qualification matters.
List evidence: US · 2025 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024
MaterialSeSeleniumTechnology materials
Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Glass manufacture, metallurgy and specialist electronic materials.
Traded forms
Refined selenium and compounds.
What to understand
Often recovered from copper-refinery residues; distinguish purity and physical form.
List evidence: Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialSiSiliconTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Semiconductors, solar cells, aluminium alloys and silicones.
Traded forms
Silicon metal and highly purified polysilicon.
What to understand
Silica, metallurgical silicon and semiconductor-grade silicon are different products.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialAgSilverMetals
US · 2025
Applications
Electronics, photovoltaics, jewellery and other industrial uses.
Traded forms
Refined bullion, powders and pastes.
What to understand
A bullion price does not include fabrication or qualification of a conductive paste.
List evidence: US · 2025
MaterialNaSodium compoundsFertilisers and chemicals
UK · 2024
Applications
Glass, detergents and chemical manufacture.
Traded forms
Soda ash, salts and other sodium chemicals.
What to understand
The UK entry is sodium compounds; it does not imply an ordinary elemental-sodium market.
List evidence: UK · 2024
MaterialSrStrontiumIndustrial minerals
EU · 2023 assessment · India · 2023
Applications
Ceramic ferrite magnets, pyrotechnic colourants and specialist materials.
Traded forms
Celestite and strontium carbonate or other salts.
What to understand
Mineral feedstock and refined salts have different purity requirements.
List evidence: EU · 2023 assessment · India · 2023
MaterialTaTantalumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Electronic capacitors, superalloys and corrosion-resistant equipment.
Traded forms
Concentrates, oxide, metal powder and wire.
What to understand
Traceability, contained tantalum and capacitor-grade qualification are distinct checks.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialTeTelluriumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Cadmium-telluride solar cells, thermoelectrics and alloys.
Traded forms
Refined metal and compounds.
What to understand
Commonly associated with copper-refining by-products; recovery capacity matters.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialTbTerbiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Permanent-magnet performance and green phosphors.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and compounds.
What to understand
Separate elemental supply from alloy or phosphor qualification.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialTmThuliumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Specialist lasers and portable X-ray-source applications.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and specialist compounds.
What to understand
A niche material; application and purity drive small-lot pricing.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialSnTinMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Solder, tinplate and chemical products.
Traded forms
Concentrates, refined metal and alloys.
What to understand
Concentrate settlement and refined solder-grade pricing use different specifications.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialTiTitaniumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Titanium dioxide pigments and titanium aerospace or industrial alloys.
Traded forms
Ilmenite, rutile, slag, sponge, metal and pigment.
What to understand
EU critical coverage concerns titanium metal; pigment feedstock is a different value chain.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialWTungstenMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Cemented carbide cutting tools and high-temperature components.
Traded forms
Concentrates, ammonium paratungstate, oxides, metal and carbide.
What to understand
WO₃ units, payable content and processing stage must be made explicit.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialUUraniumEnergy materials
US · 2025 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Fuel for nuclear electricity generation.
Traded forms
Uranium concentrates and controlled downstream fuel-cycle products.
What to understand
A concentrate price does not include conversion, enrichment or fuel fabrication.
List evidence: US · 2025 · Canada · 2024
MaterialVVanadiumMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Steel alloys, catalysts and vanadium redox-flow batteries.
Traded forms
Pentoxide, ferrovanadium and electrolyte.
What to understand
Electrolyte and alloy specifications differ; contained-metal value is only one cost component.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · EU · 2023 assessment · Australia · 2024 · Canada · 2024 · India · 2023
MaterialYbYtterbiumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Fibre lasers, specialist alloys and research.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and compounds.
What to understand
Laser-grade materials require tight optical impurity limits.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialYYttriumRare earths
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 (group) · EU · 2023 assessment (group) · Australia · 2024 (group) · Canada · 2024 (group) · India · 2023 (group)
Applications
Ceramics, phosphors, lasers and high-temperature materials.
Traded forms
Oxide, metal and compounds.
What to understand
It is a rare earth despite not being a lanthanide; oxide grade depends on the application.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 group · EU · 2023 assessment group · Australia · 2024 group · Canada · 2024 group · India · 2023 group
MaterialZnZincMetals
US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Canada · 2024
Applications
Galvanising, brass, die casting and chemicals.
Traded forms
Concentrates, refined metal and oxide.
What to understand
Distinguish smelter feed from refined zinc and account for impurities and treatment terms.
List evidence: US · 2025 · UK · 2024 · Canada · 2024
MaterialZrZirconiumTechnology materials
US · 2025 · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
Applications
Ceramics, refractories and nuclear or chemical equipment.
Traded forms
Zircon, zirconia, metal and sponge.
What to understand
Nuclear-grade zirconium requires particularly low hafnium; zircon sand is not zirconium metal.
List evidence: US · 2025 · Australia · 2024 · India · 2023
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Read a specification before a price
| Check | Why it changes the comparison |
|---|---|
| Product and chemical basis | Metal, oxide, concentrate and mineral percentages are different measurement bases. |
| Grade and impurities | A headline assay does not establish suitability for the buyer’s process. |
| Wet or dry quantity | Moisture changes the amount of dry material paid for. |
| Sampling and settlement | Define sampling, testing and dispute resolution. |
| Trade basis | Compare currency, units, delivery point, Incoterm and quotation date. |
Read the source: USGS · Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 ↗ · IEA · Critical Minerals Data Explorer ↗
Continue learning
Read the source: USGS · Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 ↗ · IEA · Critical Minerals Data Explorer ↗
Educational overview. Apply the current rules, contract and cargo-specific requirements to each shipment or project; this is not a substitute for specialist advice.